Minds, Brains, and Computers
An Historical Introduction to the Foundations of Cognitive Science
Blackwell Philosophy Anthologies
1. Auflage November 1999
564 Seiten, Softcover
Wiley & Sons Ltd
ISBN:
978-1-55786-877-0
John Wiley & Sons
Minds, Brains, and Computers presents a vital resource -- the most comprehensive interdisciplinary selection of seminal papers in the foundations of cognitive science, from leading figures in artificial intelligence, linguistics, philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience.
Preface viii
Part I The Mind as Computer 1
Introduction 3
1. A History of Thinking 8
D. Dellarosa Cummins
2. Minds and Machines20
H. Putnam
3. Semantic Engines: An Introduction to Mind Design 34
J. Haugeland
4. The Language of Thought: First Approximations 51
J. A. Fodor
5. Vision 69
D. Marr
6. GPS, A Program that Simulates Human Thought 84
A. Newell and H. Simon
7. A Procedural Model of Language Understanding 95
T. Winograd
8. A General Learning Theory and its Application to Schema Abstraction 114
J. R. Anderson and P. J. Kline, and C. M. Beasley, Jr
9. Minds, Brains, and Programs 140
J. R. Searle
10. Computing, Machinery, and Intelligence 153
M. Turing
Part II The Mind as Neural Network 169
Introduction 171
11. The Perceptron A Probabilistic Model for Information Storage and Organization in the Brian 179
F. Rosenblatt
12. Cognitive Activity in Artificial Neural Networks 198
P. M. Churchland
13. Cooperative Computation of Stereo Disparity 217
D. Marr and T. Poggio
14. On Learning the Past Tenses of English Verbs 225
D. E. Rumelhart and J. L. McClelland
15. Parallel Networks that Learn to Pronounce English Text 259
T. J. Sejnowski and C. R. Rosenberg
16. Connectionism and the Problem of Systematicity Why Smolensky's Solution Won't Work 273
J. A. Fodor and B. P. McLaughlin
17. Connectionism, Constituency, and the Language of Thought 286
P. Smolensky
18. Rules and Connections in Human Language 307
S. Pinker and A. Prince
Part III The Mind as Brain 319
Introduction 321
19. The Organization of Behavior 323
D. O. Hebb
20. In Search of the Engram 333
K. Lashley
21. A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity 351
W. S. McCulloch and W. H. Pitts
22. Is Consciousness a Brain Process? 361
U. T. Place
23. The Computational Brain: Anatomical and Physiological Techniques 367
P. S. Churchland and T. J. Sejnowski
24. What the Frog's Eye Tells the Frog's Brain 382
J. Y. Lettvin, H. K. Maturana, W. S. McCulloch, and W. H. Pitts
25. Positron Emission Tomographic Studies of the Cortical Anatomy of Single-word Processing 397
S. E. Petersen, P. T. Fox, M. I. Posner, M. Minton, and M. E. Raichle
26. Computational Neuroscience 405
T. J. Sejnowski, C. Koch, and P. S. Churchland
27. Two Cortical Visual Systems 420
L. G. Ungerleider and M. Mishkin
Part IV Special Topics 445
Introduction 447
28. Recent Contributions to the Theory of Innate Ideas 452
N. Chomsky
29. The 'Innateness Hypothesis' and the Explanatory Models in Linguistics 458
H. Putnam
30. Linguistics and Philosophy 464
N. Chomsky
31. Initial Knowledge Six Suggestions 484
E. Spelke
32. Précis of the Modularity of Mind 493
J. A. Fodor
33. Eliminative Materialism and the Propositional Attitudes 500
P. M. Churchland
34. The Social Function of Intellect 513
N. Humphrey
35. Origins of Domain Specificity: The Evolution of Functional Organization 523
L. Cosmides and J. Tooby
Index 544
Part I The Mind as Computer 1
Introduction 3
1. A History of Thinking 8
D. Dellarosa Cummins
2. Minds and Machines20
H. Putnam
3. Semantic Engines: An Introduction to Mind Design 34
J. Haugeland
4. The Language of Thought: First Approximations 51
J. A. Fodor
5. Vision 69
D. Marr
6. GPS, A Program that Simulates Human Thought 84
A. Newell and H. Simon
7. A Procedural Model of Language Understanding 95
T. Winograd
8. A General Learning Theory and its Application to Schema Abstraction 114
J. R. Anderson and P. J. Kline, and C. M. Beasley, Jr
9. Minds, Brains, and Programs 140
J. R. Searle
10. Computing, Machinery, and Intelligence 153
M. Turing
Part II The Mind as Neural Network 169
Introduction 171
11. The Perceptron A Probabilistic Model for Information Storage and Organization in the Brian 179
F. Rosenblatt
12. Cognitive Activity in Artificial Neural Networks 198
P. M. Churchland
13. Cooperative Computation of Stereo Disparity 217
D. Marr and T. Poggio
14. On Learning the Past Tenses of English Verbs 225
D. E. Rumelhart and J. L. McClelland
15. Parallel Networks that Learn to Pronounce English Text 259
T. J. Sejnowski and C. R. Rosenberg
16. Connectionism and the Problem of Systematicity Why Smolensky's Solution Won't Work 273
J. A. Fodor and B. P. McLaughlin
17. Connectionism, Constituency, and the Language of Thought 286
P. Smolensky
18. Rules and Connections in Human Language 307
S. Pinker and A. Prince
Part III The Mind as Brain 319
Introduction 321
19. The Organization of Behavior 323
D. O. Hebb
20. In Search of the Engram 333
K. Lashley
21. A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity 351
W. S. McCulloch and W. H. Pitts
22. Is Consciousness a Brain Process? 361
U. T. Place
23. The Computational Brain: Anatomical and Physiological Techniques 367
P. S. Churchland and T. J. Sejnowski
24. What the Frog's Eye Tells the Frog's Brain 382
J. Y. Lettvin, H. K. Maturana, W. S. McCulloch, and W. H. Pitts
25. Positron Emission Tomographic Studies of the Cortical Anatomy of Single-word Processing 397
S. E. Petersen, P. T. Fox, M. I. Posner, M. Minton, and M. E. Raichle
26. Computational Neuroscience 405
T. J. Sejnowski, C. Koch, and P. S. Churchland
27. Two Cortical Visual Systems 420
L. G. Ungerleider and M. Mishkin
Part IV Special Topics 445
Introduction 447
28. Recent Contributions to the Theory of Innate Ideas 452
N. Chomsky
29. The 'Innateness Hypothesis' and the Explanatory Models in Linguistics 458
H. Putnam
30. Linguistics and Philosophy 464
N. Chomsky
31. Initial Knowledge Six Suggestions 484
E. Spelke
32. Précis of the Modularity of Mind 493
J. A. Fodor
33. Eliminative Materialism and the Propositional Attitudes 500
P. M. Churchland
34. The Social Function of Intellect 513
N. Humphrey
35. Origins of Domain Specificity: The Evolution of Functional Organization 523
L. Cosmides and J. Tooby
Index 544
"This anthology features papers that are historically important to cognitive science, giving about equal billing to symbolic, connectionist, and neuroscience viewpoints. Although the papers convey some key findings, their strong point is clarifying assumptions that underlie these three perspectives. Students will find this a valuable sourcebook for the major research traditions." Lance Rips, Northwestern University
Robert Cummins is Professor of Philosophy at the University
of California, Davis. He is the author of The Nature of
Psychological Explanation (1983), Meaning and Mental
Representation (1987), and Representations, Targets and
Attitudes (1996), as well as many articles and several edited
volumes. He specializes in the foundations of cognitive science and
the nature of mental representation.
Denise D. Cummins is Associate Research Professor of
Social Sciences at the University of California, Davis. She is the
author of The Other Side of Psychology (1995), The
Evolution of Mind (ed. with Colin Allen), and Human
Reasoning: an Evolutionary Perspective as well as numerous
articles and reviews. She specializes in higher cognition from an
evolutionary perspective.
of California, Davis. He is the author of The Nature of
Psychological Explanation (1983), Meaning and Mental
Representation (1987), and Representations, Targets and
Attitudes (1996), as well as many articles and several edited
volumes. He specializes in the foundations of cognitive science and
the nature of mental representation.
Denise D. Cummins is Associate Research Professor of
Social Sciences at the University of California, Davis. She is the
author of The Other Side of Psychology (1995), The
Evolution of Mind (ed. with Colin Allen), and Human
Reasoning: an Evolutionary Perspective as well as numerous
articles and reviews. She specializes in higher cognition from an
evolutionary perspective.
