Ceramics Science and Technology

PREFACE

PART ONE: Structural Applications

OXIDATION AND CORROSION OF CERAMICS
Introduction
Silica-Forming Ceramics
Alumina-Forming Ceramics
Ultrahigh-Temperature Ceramics
Oxide Ceramic Degradation Mechanisms
Concluding Remarks

THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS
Introduction
Manufacturing Routes
YSZ-Based TBCS
New TBC Systems
Summary

CERAMIC FILTERS AND MEMBRANES
Ceramics in Hot Gas Filtration
Ceramic Membranes for Liquid Filtration
Ceramic Membranes for Pervaporation/Vapor Permeation
Ceramic Membranes for Gas Separation

HIGH-TEMPERATURE ENGINEERING CERAMICS
Introduction
Engineering Ceramic Systems
Turbine Engine Applications
Applications for Rocket Propulsion and Hypersonic Vehicles
Friction Materials
Concluding Remarks: Barriers to Application

ADVANCED CERAMIC GLOW PLUGS
Introduction
Glow Plugs
Metal-Type Glow Plugs
Ceramic Glow Plugs
Fabrication Procedure of Heater Elements for Ceramic Glow Plugs
Material Design of the Ceramic Heater Element
Silicon Nitride Ceramics
Conclusions

NANOSIZED AND NANOSTRUCTURED HARD AND SUPERHARD MATERIALS AND COATINGS
Introduction: Small is Strong
Different Mechanisms of Hardness Enhancement in Coatings
Mechanisms of Decomposition of Solid Solution and Formation of Nanostructure
Industrial Applications of Nanocomposite and Nanostructured Coatings on Tools
Conclusions and Future Challenges

POLYMER-DERIVED CERAMICS: 40 YEARS OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN ADVANCED CERAMICS
Introduction to Polymer-Derived Ceramics (PDCs)
Preceramic Polymer Synthesis
Processing of Preceramic Polymers
Microstructure of PDCs
Properties of PDCs
Applications of PDCs
Conclusions and Outlook

PART TWO: Functional Applications

MICROWAVE CERAMICS
Introduction
Microwave Dielectric Properties
Overview of Microwave Dielectric Materials
Crystal Chemistry of Perovskite and Tungsten-Bronze-Type Microwave Ceramics
Microstructural Features in High-Q Perovskites
Glass-Free Low-Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic LTCC Microwave Materials

CERAMIC FUEL CELLS: PRINCIPLES, MATERIALS, AND APPLICATIONS
Introduction
Fuel Cell Systems Efficiency and the Role of Ceramic Fuel Cells
Ceramic Fuel Cell Systems and Applications to Date
Efficiency and Principles of Ceramic Fuel Cells
Historical Overview of Ceramic Fuel Cells
SOFC Materials and Properties
New Approaches for Ceramic Fuel Cells
Concluding Remarks

NITRIDOSILICATES AND OXONITRIDOSILICATES: FROM CERAMIC MATERIALS TO STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY
Introduction
Synthetic Approaches
1D Nitridosilicates
2D Nitridosilicates
3D Nitridosilicates
Chemical Bonding in Nitridosilicates
Material Properties
Outlook

CERAMIC LIGHTING
Introduction
Solid-State Lighting and White Light-Emitting Diodes
Ceramic Phosphors
White Light-Emitting Diodes Using Ceramic Phosphors
Outlook

CERAMIC GAS SENSORS
Introduction: Definitions and Classifications
Metal-Oxide-Based Gas Sensors: Operational Principles and Sensing Materials
Performance Characteristics
Nano-Micro Integration
Mechanism of Gas Detection
Characterization Methodology
Conclusions and Outlook

OXIDES FOR LI INTERCALATION, LI-ION BATTERIES
Introduction
Why Oxides are Attractive as Insertion Materials
Titanium
Vanadium
Chromium
Manganese
Iron
Cobalt- and Nickel-Based Oxides
Copper
Conclusion

MAGNETIC CERAMICS
Background
Introduction
Magnetite
Doped Manganites
Ferrimagnetic Double Perovskites
Iron Nitrides and Summary

Prof. Riedel has been Professor at the Institute of Materials Science at the Darmstadt University of Technology in Darmstadt since 1993. He received a Diploma degree in chemistry in 1984 and he finished his dissertation in Inorganic Chemistry in 1986 at the University of Stuttgart. After postdoctoral research at the Max-Planck-Institute for Metals Research and the Institute of Inorganic Chemistry at the University of Stuttgart he completed his habilitation in the field of Inorganic Chemistry in 1992. Prof. Riedel is Fellow of the American Ceramic Society and was awarded with the Dionyz Stur Gold Medal for merits in natural sciences. He is a member of the World Academy of Ceramics and Guest Professor at the Jiangsu University in Zhenjiang, China. In 2006 he received an honorary doctorate from the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia. In 2009 he was awarded with an honorary professorship at the Tianjin University in China. He published more than 300 papers and patents and he is widely known for his research in the field of polymer derived ceramics and on ultra high pressure synthesis of new materials.

I-Wei Chen is currently Skirkanich Professor of Materials Innovation at the University of Pennsylvania since 1997, where he also gained his master's degree in 1975. He received his bachelor's degree in physics from Tsinghua University, Taiwan, in 1972, and earned his doctorate in metallurgy from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1980. He taught at the University of Michigan (Materials) during 1986-1997 and MIT (Nuclear Engineering; Materials) during 1980-1986. He began ceramic research studying martensitic transformations in zirconia nano crystals, which led to work on transformation plasticity, superplasticity, fatigue, grain growth and sintering in various oxides and nitrides. He is currently interested in nanotechnology of ferroelectrics, thin film memory devices, and nano particles for biomedical applications. A Fellow of American Ceramic Society (1991) and recipient of its Ross Coffin Purdy Award (1994), Edward C. Henry Award (1999) and Sosman Award (2006), he authored over 90 papers in the Journal of the American Ceramic Society (1986-2006). He also received Humboldt Research Award for Senior U.S. Scientists (1997).

R. Riedel, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany; I-W. Chen, Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA