Electrochemical Engineering
1. Auflage Juni 2018
448 Seiten, Hardcover
Wiley & Sons Ltd
A Comprehensive Reference for Electrochemical Engineering Theory and Application
From chemical and electronics manufacturing, to hybrid vehicles, energy storage, and beyond, electrochemical engineering touches many industries--any many lives--every day. As energy conservation becomes of central importance, so too does the science that helps us reduce consumption, reduce waste, and lessen our impact on the planet. Electrochemical Engineering provides a reference for scientists and engineers working with electrochemical processes, and a rigorous, thorough text for graduate students and upper-division undergraduates.
Merging theoretical concepts with widespread application, this book is designed to provide critical knowledge in a real-world context. Beginning with the fundamental principles underpinning the field, the discussion moves into industrial and manufacturing processes that blend central ideas to provide an advanced understanding while explaining observable results. Fully-worked illustrations simplify complex processes, and end-of chapter questions help reinforce essential knowledge.
With in-depth coverage of both the practical and theoretical, this book is both a thorough introduction to and a useful reference for the field. Rigorous in depth, yet grounded in relevance, Electrochemical Engineering:
* Introduces basic principles from the standpoint of practical application
* Explores the kinetics of electrochemical reactions with discussion on thermodynamics, reaction fundamentals, and transport
* Covers battery and fuel cell characteristics, mechanisms, and system design
* Delves into the design and mechanics of hybrid and electric vehicles, including regenerative braking, start-stop hybrids, and fuel cell systems
* Examines electrodeposition, redox-flow batteries, electrolysis, regenerative fuel cells, semiconductors, and other applications of electrochemical engineering principles
Overlapping chemical engineering, chemistry, material science, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering, electrochemical engineering covers a diverse array of phenomena explained by some of the important scientific discoveries of our time. Electrochemical Engineering provides the critical understanding required to work effectively with these processes as they become increasingly central to global sustainability.
Chapter 1 Introduction and Basic Principles (Charles Tobias)
1.1 Electrochemical Cells
1.2 Characterization of Electrochemical Reactions
1.3 Importance of Electrochemical Systems
1.4 Scientific Units, Constants and Conventions
1.5 Faraday's law
1.6 Faradaic efficiency
1.7 Current Density
1.8 Potential and Ohm's law
1.9 Electrochemical Systems: Example
General References
Problems
Chapter 2 Cell Potential and Thermodynamics (W. M. Latimer)
2.1 Half-cell Reactions
2.2 Cell Potential
2.3 Expression for Cell Potential
2.4 Standard Potentials
2.5 Effect of Temperature on Standard Potential
2.6 Simplified Activity Coefficients
2.7 Use of Cell Potentials
2.8 Equilibrium constants
2.9 Pourbaix diagrams
2.10 Cells with a Liquid Junction
2.11 Reference electrodes
2.12 Equilibrium at Electrode Interface
2.13 Potential in Solution due to charge: Debye-Hückel theory
2.14 Activity and Activity Coefficients
2.15 Estimation of Activity Coefficients
2.16 Closure
General References
Problems
Chapter 3 Electrochemical Kinetics (Alexander N. Frumkin)
3.1 Double Layer
3.2 Impact of potential on Reaction Rate
3.3 Use of the Butler-Volmer Kinetic Expression
3.4 Reaction Fundamentals
3.5 Simplified Forms of the Butler-Volmer Equation
3.6 Direct Fitting of the Butler-Volmer Equation
3.7 Influence of Mass Transfer on the Reaction Rate
3.8 Use of Kinetics Expression in Full Cells
3.9 Current Efficiency
General References
Problems
Chapter 4 Transport (Carl Wagner)
4.1 Fick's Law
4.2 Nernst-Planck Equation
4.3 Conservation of Material
4.4 Transference Numbers, Mobilities, and Migration
4.5 Convective Mass Transfer
4.6 Concentration Overpotential
4.7 Current Distribution
4.8 Membrane transport
General References
Problems
Chapter 5 Electrode Structures (John Newman)
5.1 Mathematical Description of Porous Electrodes
5.2 Characterization of Porous Electrodes
5.3 Impact of Porous Electrodes on Transport
5.4 Current Distribution in Porous Electrodes
5.5 The Gas-Liquid Interface in Porous Electrodes
5.6 Three Phase Electrodes
5.7 Electrode Configurations
General References
Problems
Chapter 6 Electro-analytical Methods and Analysis of Electrochemical Systems (Jaroslav Heyrovsk?)
6.1 Electrochemical Cells, Instrumentation and Some Practical Issues
6.2 Overview
6.3 Step change in Potential or Current for a semi-infinite planar electrode in a stagnant electrolyte
6.4 Electrode Kinetics and Double Layer Charging
6.5 Cyclic Voltammetry
6.6 Stripping Analysis
6.7 Electrochemical Impedance
6.8 Rotating Disk Electrode
6.9 iR Compensation
6.10 Micro-electrodes
General References
Problems
Chapter 7 Battery Fundamentals (J. B. Goodenough)
7.1 Components of a Cell
7.2 Classification of Batteries and Cell Chemistries
7.3 Theoretical Capacity and State of Charge
7.4 Cell Characteristics and Electrochemical Performance
7.5 Ragone Plots
7.6 Heat Generation
7.7 Efficiency of Secondary Cells
7.8 Charge Retention and Self Discharge
7.9 Capacity Fade in Secondary Cells
General References
Problems
Chapter 8 Battery Applications Cell and Battery Pack Design (Esther Takeuchi)
8.1 Introduction to Battery Design
8.2 Battery Layout Using a Specific Cell Design
8.3 Scaling of Cells to Adjust Capacity
8.4 Electrode and Cell Design to Achieve Rate Capability
8.5 Cell Construction
8.6 Charging of Batteries
8.7 Use of Resistance to Characterize Battery Performance
8.8 Battery Management
8.9 Thermal Management Systems
8.10 Mechanical Considerations
General References
Problems
Chapter 9 Fuel Cell Fundamentals (Supramaniam Srinivasan)
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Types of Fuel Cells Classified by Electrolytes
9.3 Current Voltage Characteristics and Polarizations
9.4 Effect of Operating Conditions and Maximum Power
9.5 Electrode Structure
9.6 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
9.7 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
General References
Problems
Chapter 10 Fuel Cell Stack and System Design and Applications (Francis Bacon)
10.1 Introduction and Overview of Systems Analysis
10.2 Basic Stack Design Concepts
10.3 Cell Stack Configurations
10.4 Basic Construction and Components
10.5 Utilization of Fuel and Oxidant
10.6 Flow Field Design
10.7 Water and Thermal Management
10.8 Structural-Mechanical Considerations
10.9 Case Study
General References
Problems
Chapter 11 Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors (Brian E. Conway)
11.1 Capacitor Introduction
11.2 Electrical Double Layer Capacitance
11.3 Current Voltage Relationship for Capacitors
11.4 Porous EDLC Electrodes
11.5 Impedance Analysis of EDLCs
11.6 Full Cell EDLC Analysis
11.7 Power and Energy Capabilities
11.8 Cell design, practical operation and electrochemical capacitor performance
11.9 Pseudo-capacitance
General References
Problems
Chapter 12 Energy Storage and Conversion for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (Ferdinand Porsche)
12.1 Why Electric and Hybrid-electric Systems
12.2 Driving Schedules and Power Demand in Vehicles
12.3 Regenerative Braking
12.4 Battery Electric Vehicle
12.5 Hybrid Vehicle Architectures
12.6 Start-stop Hybrid
12.7 Batteries for Full Hybrid-Electric Vehicles
12.8 Fuel-cell Hybrid Systems for Vehicles
General References
Problems
Appendix 12A Primer on Vehicle Dynamics
Chapter 13 Electro-deposition (Richard Alkire)
13.1 Overview
13.2 Faraday's Law and Deposit Thickness
13.3 Electrodeposition Fundamentals
13.4 Formation of Stable Nuclei
13.5 Nucleation Rates
13.6 Growth of Nuclei
13.7 Deposit Morphology
13.8 Additives
13.9 Impact of Current Distribution
13.10 Impact of Side Reactions
13.11 Resistive Substrates
General References
Problems
Chapter 14 Electrolysis, Redox-flow batteries, and Regenerative Fuel Cells (Fumio Hine)
14.1 Overview of Industrial Electrolysis
14.2 Performance Measures
14.3 Voltage Losses and the Polarization Curve
14.4 Design of Electrochemical Reactors for Industrial Applications
14.5 Example of Industrial Electrolytic Processes
14.6 Thermal Management and Cell Operation
14.7 Electrolytic Processes for a Sustainable Future
14.8 Redox flow batteries
General References
Problems
Chapter 15 Semiconductors Electrodes and Photoelectrochemical Cells (Heinz Gerischer)
15.1 Semiconductor Basics
15.2 Energy Scales
15.3 Semiconductor/Electrolyte Interface
15.4 Current Flow in the Dark
15.5 Light Absorption
15.6 Photoelectrochemical Effects
15.7 Open-circuit Voltage for Illuminated Electrodes
15.8 Photoelectrochemical Cells
General References
Problems
Chapter 16 Corrosion (Ulick R. Evans)
16.1 Corrosion Fundamentals
16.2 Thermodynamics of Corrosion Systems
16.3 Corrosion Rate for Uniform Corrosion
16.4 Localized Corrosion
16.5 Corrosion Protection
General References
Problems
Appendices
A Electrochemical Reactions and Standard Potentials
B Fundamental Constants
C Thermodynamic Data
D Mechanics of Materials
Subject Index
JOHN N. HARB is Professor of Chemical Engineering in the Ira A. Fulton College of Engineering and Technology at Brigham Young University.
