Hierarchically Structured Porous Materials

Preface

PART I: Introduction

INSIGHTS INTO HIERARCHICALLY STRUCTURED POROUS MATERIALS: FROM NANOSCIENCE TO CATALYSIS, SEPARATION, OPTICS, ENERGY, AND LIFE SCIENCE
Introduction
Synthesis Strategies to Hierarchically Structured Porous Materials Emerging Applications of Hierarchically Structural Porous Materials
Conclusions

HIERARCHY IN NATURAL MATERIALS
Natural Materials as a Source of Inspiration in Materials Science
Hierarchies Based on Fiber Architectures
Liquid Crystalline Assemblies, Clues to Mimic Hierarchical Structures
Mineralized Biological Tissues, Models for Hybrid Materials
Concluding Remarks

PART II: Synthesis Strategies to Hierarchically Structured Porous Materials

Hierarchically Structured Porous Materials by Dually Micellar Templating Approach Introduction
Nanocasting - True Liquid Crystalline Templating 3.3 Basics of Micellization
Mixed Surfactant Solutions
Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Concentrated Aqueous Surfactant Mixtures - Hierarchical Mesoporous Structures
Conclusions

COLLOIDAL CRYSTAL TEMPLATING APPROACHES TO MATERIALS WITH HIERARCHICAL POROSITY
Introduction and Historical Overview
The Preparation of 3DOM Materials
3DOM Materials with Intrinsic Secondary Porosity
Hierarchical Materials from Multimodal Colloidal Crystal Templates Hierarchical Materials from Combinations of Soft and Colloidal Crystal Templating
Hierarchical Opals and Related Structures
Conclusions and Outlook

TEMPLATING OF MACROPOROUS OR SWOLLEN MACROSTRUCTURED POLYMERS
Introduction
Macroporous Polymer Gels Formed in Amphiphile Solutions
Macroporous Starch or Agarose Gels
Polymer Foams
Polymeric Films and Fibrous Mats
Polymer Spheres
Closing Remarks

BIOINSPIRED APPROACH TO SYNTHESIZING HIERARCHICAL POROUS MATERIALS
Introduction
Hierarchical Porous Materials from Biotemplates
Hierarchical Porous Materials from the Biomimetic Process
Conclusions and Perspectives

POROUS MATERIALS BY TEMPLATING OF SMALL LIQUID DROPS
Introduction
Emulsion Templating
Breath Figures Templating
Conclusions

HIERARCHICALLY POROUS MATERIALS BY PHASE SEPARATION: MONOLITHS
Introduction
Background and Concepts
Examples of Materials with Controlled Macro/Mesopores
Summary

FEATURE SYNTHESIS OF HIERARCHICALLY POROUS MATERIALS BASED ON GREEN EASY-LEACHING CONCEPT
Introduction
Hierarchically Structured Porous Materials Synthesized by Easy-Leaching Air Templates
Hierarchically Structured Porous Materials Synthesized by Easy-Leaching Ice Template
Hierarchically Structured Porous Materials Synthesized by Easy Selective-Leaching Method
Other Easy-Leaching Concepts in the Synthesis of Hierarchically Structured Porous Materials
Summary

INTEGRATIVE CHEMISTRY ROUTES TOWARD ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL HIERARCHICAL FOAMS
Introduction
Organic-Inorganic PolyHIPEs Prepared from Water-in-Oil Emulsions
Organic-Inorganic PolyHIPEs Prepared from Direct Emulsions
Particles-Stabilized PolyHIPE
Conclusion and Perspectives

HIERARCHICALLY STRUCTURED POROUS COATINGS AND MEMBRANES
Introduction
The Multiple Templating Strategy
Dynamic Templating
Building Block Assemblies for Photonic Band Gap Materials
Ink-Jet Printing and Cooperative Self-Assembly
Foaming Processes
Filtration Membranes
Conclusion

SELF-FORMATION PHENOMENON TO HIERARCHICALLY STRUCTURED POROUS MATERIALS
Introduction
History of Self-Formation Phenomenon
Features of Self-Formation Phenomenon
Structural Features of Hierarchical Porous Materials Based on the Self-Formation Phenomenon
The Mechanism of Self-Formation Procedure
Controlled Synthesis Based on the Self-Formation Phenomena Development of Synthesis Methodology
Applications and Hierarchical Catalysis
Summary

AUTO-GENERATED HIERARCHICAL MESO-MACROPOROUS ALUMINOSILICATE MATERIALS WITH HIGH TETRAHEDRAL AL CONTENT FROM THE SINGLE-MOLECULAR ALKOXY-PRECURSOR (SMAP) STRATEGY
Introduction
Hierarchically Structured Meso-Macroporous Aluminosilicates
Conclusion


ZEOLITES WITH HIERARCHICALLY POROUS STRUCTURE: MESOPOROUS ZEOLITES
Introduction
Mesoporous Zeolites Formed by Posttreatments
Mesoporous Zeolites Created by Solid Templates
Mesoporous Zeolites Created by Soft Templates
Functionalization of Mesoporous Zeolites
Perspectives in the Synthesis of Ordered Mesoporous Zeolites

MICRO-MACROPOROUS STRUCTURED ZEOLITE
Introduction
Hollow Micro-Macroporous Structure
Micro-Macroporous Monoliths
Conclusion and Remarks

PART III: Emerging Applications of Hierarchically Structured Porous Materials

Hierarchically Porous Materials in Catalysis
Introduction
Acid Catalyst
Titanosilicates
Conclusions and Outlook

HIERARCHICALLY STRUCTURED POROUS MATERIALS: APPLICATION TO SEPARATION SCIENCES
Introduction
Separation Medium for HPLC Variations in Column Format and Pore Structures
Products
Summary

COLLOIDAL PHOTONIC CRYSTALS: FABRICATION AND APPLICATIONS
Photonic Crystals
Colloidal Self-Assembly Approach to Photonic Crystals
Optical Doping in Colloidal Photonic Crystals
Band-Gap Engineering in Colloidal Photonic Crystals
Photonic Devices Based on Colloidal Photonic Crystals
Outlook

HIERARCHICALLY STRUCTURED POROUS MATERIALS FOR ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE
Introduction
Hierarchically Structured Porous Materials for Energy Conversion
Hierarchically Structured Porous Materials for Energy Storage
Conclusion and Outlook

HIERARCHICALLY STRUCTURED POROUS MATERIALS-APPLICATIONS IN BIOCHEMISTRY: BIOCERAMICS, LIFE SCIENCE, AND DRUG DELIVERY
Introduction
Bioceramics
Life Science
Drug Delivery
Three-Dimensional Scaffolds

ON THE OPTIMAL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIERARCHICAL BIOMATERIALS
Introduction
Mechanics of Materials of First-Level Hierarchy
Mechanics of Materials of the Higher Level Hierarchy
Results and Discussion

PART IV: Conclusion

CONCLUDING REMARKS

Index

Bao-Lian Su is Director of the Research Centre for Nanomaterials Chemistry and of the Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry at the University of Namur; Vice-Director of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing at the Wuhan University of Technology.

Clément Sanchez obtained his PhD degree from Paris University in 1981 and currently holds a post as Professor of Chemistry of Hybrid Materials at the Collège de France. He is also the Director of the Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de
Paris at the University P. M. Curie.

Xiao-Yu Yang is a Research Fellow of the FNRS (National Foundation of Scientific Research) at the University of Namur (FUNDP) and Secretary-General of International Materials Forum (IMF) and assistant Director of the Laboratory of Living
Materials at the Wuhan University of technology.

B.-L. Su, The University of Namur, Belgium; C. Sanchez, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; X.-Y. Yang, University of Namur, Belgium