Microemulsions
1. Edition October 2008
400 Pages, Hardcover
Wiley & Sons Ltd
Although first described by Winsor in 1954, the chemistry and technology of microemulsions attracts considerable research interest. Until relatively recently, microemulsions were not used in large scale applications as their phase behaviour and microstructure were not well understood and large amounts of surfactant were needed for their formulation. With increased understanding of their behaviour and significantly improved methods for formulating and tuning their properties, microemulsions are becoming increasingly useful in a range of industrial and research applications.
Covering both the advances that have enabled improved understanding of microemulsions, and the applications in a range of industrial and research settings, and written by a first class team of contributors, this book will be essential reading for anyone using, or considering using microemulsions in the course of their work. Written for research chemists, technologists and engineers in the fine, specialty chemicals and polymer industries, and those in university or government laboratories, this book will be particularly valuable to those early on in their careers.
Preface xiii.
Some Thoughts about Microemulsions (Björn Lindman) xv.
1.Phase Behaviour, Interfacial Tension and Microstructure of Microemulsions (Thomas Sottmann and Cosima Stubenrauch) 1.
1.1 Introduction 1.
1.2 Phase behaviour 2.
1.3 Interfacial tension 23.
1.4 Microstructure 31.
1.5 Conclusion 40.
Acknowledgement 42.
Notes 42.
References 42.
2.Scattering Techniques to Study the Microstructure of Microemulsions (Thomas Hellweg) 48.
2.1 Introduction 48.
2.2 Scattering from droplet microemulsions50.
2.3 Scattering from bicontinuous microemulsions 58.
2.4 Summary 65.
2.5 Appendix 65.
References78.
3.Formulation of Microemulsions (Jean-Louis Salager, Raquel Antón, Ana Forgiarini and Laura Márquez) 84.
3.1 Basic concepts 84.
3.2 Representation of formulation effects 87.
3.3 Physico-chemical formulation yardsticks 92.
3.4 Quality of formulation 104.
3.5 Formulations for special purposes 110.
3.6 Final comment 117.
Acknowledgements 117.
Notes 117.
References 117.
4.Effects of Polymers on the Properties of Microemulsions (Jürgen Allgaier and Henrich Frielinghaus) 122.
4.1 Introduction 122.
4.2 Amphiphilic polymers 123.
4.3 Non-amphiphilic polymers 135.
References 144.
5.Reactions in Organised Surfactant Systems (Reinhard Schom¨acker and Krister Holmberg) 148.
5.1 Introduction 148.
5.2 Motivation for surfactant systems as reaction media 149.
5.3 Selected reactions 155.
5.4 Engineering aspects 166.
5.5 Conclusion 176.
References 177.
6.Microemulsions as Templates for Nanomaterials (Satya P. Moulik, Animesh K. Rakshit and Ignác Capek) 180.
6.1 Introduction 180.
6.2 Preparation of nanocompounds 185.
6.3 Metal and metal/polymer nanoparticles 193.
6.4 Outlook 200.
Acknowledgements 202.
References 202.
7.Non-Aqueous Microemulsions (Feng Gao and Carlos C. Co) 211.
7.1 Introduction 211.
7.2 Self-assembly in polymer blends 211.
7.3 Self-assembly in room temperature ionic liquids 215.
7.4 Self-assembly in supercritical CO2 217.
7.5 Self-assembly in non-aqueous polar solvents 219.
7.6 Self-assembly in sugar glasses 221.
7.7 Conclusions 224.
References 224.
8.Microemulsions in Cosmetics and Detergents (Wolfgang von Rybinski, Matthias Hloucha and Ingeg¨ard Johansson) 230.
8.1 Introduction 230.
8.2 Microemulsions in cosmetics 230.
8.3 Microemulsions in detergency 242.
References 254.
9.Microemulsions: Pharmaceutical Applications (Vandana B. Patravale and Abhijit A. Date) 259.
9.1 Introduction 259.
9.2 Microemulsions 260.
9.3 Applications in transdermal and dermal delivery 268.
9.4 Applications in oral drug delivery 275.
9.5 Applications in parenteral drug delivery 281.
9.6 Applications in ocular drug delivery 285.
9.7 Mucosal drug delivery 287.
9.8 Microemulsions as templates for the synthesis of pharmaceutical nanocarriers 289.
9.9 Application in pharmaceutical analysis 291.
9.10 Future perspectives 292.
References 293.
10.Microemulsions in Large-Scale Applications (Franz-Hubert Haegel, Juan Carlos Lopez, Jean-Louis Salager and Sandra Engelskirchen) 302.
10.1 Introduction 302.
10.2 Soil decontamination 305.
10.3 Microemulsions in enhanced oil recovery 312.
10.4 Degreasing of leather 325.
Acknowledgement 335.
References 335.
11.Future Challenges (Cosima Stubenrauch and Reinhard Strey) 345.
11.1 Introduction 345.
11.2 Bicontinuous microemulsions as templates 345.
11.3 Nanofoams 351.
11.4 Clean combustion of microemulsions 354.
11.5 Solubilisation of triglycerides 358.
Acknowledgement 364.
References 364.
Index 36.
